Anchorage, Alaska — A new report released today lays out the case for why the International Maritime Organization (IMO) should immediately act on reducing black carbon pollution — a climate super-pollutant. On Thin Ice: Why Black Carbon Demands Urgent Action, by Pacific Environment, explores how the expansion of Arctic shipping is causing an increase in the release of black carbon into the air, which then settles on snow and ice, accelerating dangerous melting.
“Despite more than a decade and a half of debate, U.N.’s maritime shipping body the IMO continues to ignore the simple solution: require ships to immediately switch to cleaner fuels when operating in the Arctic.” said Kay Brown, Arctic policy director, Pacific Environment.
“Despite technical assessments and calls for voluntary measures at the IMO, black carbon emissions from Arctic shipping continue to grow unchecked. Without mandatory requirements, markets lack the certainty needed to shift fleet operations toward lower black carbon options. We call on the IMO to respond to this Arctic crisis and urgently address the growing health and human impacts of black carbon.”
Unchecked black carbon emissions from Arctic shipping represent a clear and present danger to the integrity of the Arctic cryosphere, global climate stability, and the health and wellbeing of Arctic Indigenous and coastal communities.
By mandating a swift transition to polar fuels – existing fuels with lower black carbon emissions which are suitable for use in the Arctic, the IMO can enact a high-impact policy that achieves immediate benefits. Action ahead of PPR 13 – the IMO’s technical pollution prevention and response meeting – in early 2026 will allow Member States to agree on action that will help slow Arctic warming and uphold the IMO’s mandate to protect the marine environment and adjacent communities.
Arctic Traffic Surges 108%
According to the Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment’s (PAME) Arctic Shipping Status Report, the number of individual vessels entering the Arctic increased from 1,298 in 2013 to 1,781 in 2024 — a 37% rise — while the cumulative distance traveled within these polar waters rose by 108%, from 6.51 million to 12.7 million nautical miles. Commercial fishing vessels made up the largest share of vessel mileage at 34%. Bulk carriers, icebreakers and research ships made up significant shares.
In addition, the retreat of Arctic sea ice is opening new shipping lanes and extending the months in which shipping is feasible. Increased shipping traffic is driving up emissions from vessels burning residual fuels, the most commonly used shipping fuels. When combusted, residual fuels including residual fuel blends, produce high concentrations of black carbon and other hazardous pollutants, contributing to intensified regional warming in the Arctic with global climate repercussions, according to the Arctic Council. If spilled, the highly viscous oil can persist for weeks in cold waters or become trapped within and beneath sea ice, posing long-term threats to marine ecosystems and shorelines while complicating cleanup efforts.
(Photo of black carbon on ice from Clean Arctic Alliance)